Catalogue Entry

The artist

[Boyer Galleries, Philadelphia (by November 1936)]

The artist (after December 1936)

Estate of Arshile Gorky (1948)

[M. Knoedler & Co. Inc., New York (1967)]

Estate of Arshile Gorky (March 7, 1974)

Private collection (1975)

[Xavier Fourcade Inc., New York (July 26, 1978)]

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (February 28, 1979)

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting, November 10–December 10, 1936, no. 10, as "Organization".

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (organizer), Geometric Abstraction in America: Fifth Loan Exhibition by the Friends of the Whitney Museum of American Art, March 20–May 13, 1962, no. 36, p. 16, as "Organization".

Haus der Kunst, Munich, Amerikanische Malerei 1930–1980 / American Painting 1930–1980, November 14, 1981–January 31, 1982, fig. 26, ill. in b/w, p. 87, as "Organization," dated c. 1936, [not exhibited].

Scuderie del Quirinale, Rome, Metafisica, September 27, 2003–January 6, 2004, no. 99, as "Organization".

"Boyer Galleries (advertisement)." Edited by Nathaniel Pousette-Dart. Art and Artists of Today (New York) 1, no. 3 (September–October 1937), ill. in b/w, p. 26, as "Organization".

Loftus, John. "Arshile Gorky: A Monograph." M.A. Thesis, Columbia University, New York, 1952, pl. XIV, ill. in b/w, as "Organization".

Mooradian, Karlen. "Arshile Gorky." Armenian Review (Watertown, MA) 8, no. 2 (Summer 1955), ill. in b/w, p. 56, as "Organization".

Frankenstein, Alfred. "An American Artist's Tragic Insights." Review of Arshile Gorky, by Ethel Schwabacher. New York Herald Tribune, December 22, 1957, ill. in b/w, p. 6, as "Organization".

Schwabacher, Ethel. Arshile Gorky. Introduction by Meyer Schapiro. New York: The Macmillan Company for the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1957. Monograph, fig. 17, ill. in b/w, p. 54, as "Organization".

Rosenblum, Robert. "Arshile Gorky." Review of Arshile Gorky, by Ethel Schwabacher. Arts Magazine (New York) 32, no. 4 (January 1958), ill. in b/w, p. 31, as "Organization".

Reiff, Robert F. "A Stylistic Analysis of Arshile Gorky's Art from 1943–1948." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, New York, 1961, fig. 22, ill. in b/w, p. 300, as "Organization".

O'Hara, Frank. "Art Chronicle." Kulchur (New York) 2, no. 6 (Summer 1962), discussed p. 56, as "Organization".

Rosenberg, Harold. Arshile Gorky: The Man, the Time, the Idea. New York: Horizon Press, 1962. Monograph, ill. in b/w, p. 45, as "Organization".

Hoyland, Francis. "The composer." The Listener (London) (April 15, 1965), discussed p. 568, as "Organization".

Levy, Julien. Arshile Gorky. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1966. Monograph, pl. 46, ill. in color, p. 70, as "Organization," dated c. 1934–36.

Rose, Barbara. American Art Since 1900: A Critical History. New York & Washington: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1967, fig. 5–40, ill. in b/w, p. 147, as "Organization".

Sandler, Irving H. The Triumph of American Painting: A History of Abstract Expressionism. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970, fig. 3–4, ill. in b/w, p. 48, as "Organization".

Kagitani, Y. "Arshile Gorky: A Man Who Lived in the Middle of Solitude." Mizue (みづゑ) (Tokyo) 9, no. 858 (September 1976), ill. in b/w, p. 30.

Quaytman, Harvey. "Arshile Gorky's Early Paintings." Arts Magazine (New York) 50, no. 7 (March 1976), discussed p. 104, as "Organization".

Ashbery, John. "Sweet Arshile, Bless Your Dear Heart." New York 12 (February 5, 1979), ill. in color, p. 52, as "Organization".

Shirey, David L. "Discovery in Newark: Works of Gorky." New York Times, February 4, 1979, ill. in b/w, section 11, p. 1, incorrectly cited as "one of the missing panels" of the Newark Airport murals.

Suenaga, Terukazu. "Mirror of Memory: Gorky's Cruel Change." Mizue (みづゑ) (Tokyo) 9, no. 894 (September 1979), ill. in color, p. 12, dated 1934–35.

Schwartz, Ellen. "The Gorky Murals: A Bit of Detective Work." Artnews (New York) 78, no. 2 (February 1979), discussed p. 136, as "Organization".

FitzGerald, Michael. "Arshile Gorky's The Limit." Arts Magazine (New York) 54 (March 1980), fig. 6, ill. in b/w, p. 112, as "Organization".

American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1980, ill. in b/w, p. 167, as "Organization".

Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1980, ill. in b/w, p. 160, as "Organization".

Spender, Matthew. "The Originality of Gorky." Art/World (New York) (May 23 / June 20, 1981), discussed p. 6, as "Organization".

Waldman, Diane. "Arshile Gorky: Poet in Paint." In Arshile Gorky 1904–1948: A Retrospective. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. in collaboration with The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1981. Exhibition catalogue, discussed p. 42, as "Organization".

Jordan, Jim M. "The Paintings of Arshile Gorky: New Discoveries, New Sources, and Chronology." In The Paintings of Arshile Gorky: A Critical Catalogue, by Jim M. Jordan and Robert Goldwater. New York and London: New York University Press, 1982, discussed pp. 36, 48, 66–69, as "Organization".

Jordan, Jim M. "Catalogue Raisonné of Paintings." In The Paintings of Arshile Gorky: A Critical Catalogue, by Jim M. Jordan and Robert Goldwater. New York and London: New York University Press, 1982, no. 146, ill. in b/w, pp. 286–88, as "Organization".

Myers, John Bernard. Tracking the Marvelous: A Life in the New York Art World. New York: Random House, 1983, ill. in b/w (in situ), as "Organization".

Seitz, William C. Abstract Expressionist Painting in America. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press for the National Gallery of Art, 1983, fig. 57, ill. in b/w, as "Organization".

Lader, Melvin P. Arshile Gorky. New York: Abbeville Press, 1985. Monograph, fig. 32, ill. in color, pp. 40–41, as "Organization".

Rand, Harry. "Gorky In Virginia." Arts in Virginia 26, no. 1 (1986), fig. 4, ill. in b/w, p. 5, as "Organization".

Waldman, Diane. Willem de Kooning. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988, fig. 10, ill. in b/w, p. 23, as "Organization".

Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art (Revised and Enlarged Edition). New York: Hudson Hills Press, Inc., 1988, ill. in b/w, p. 188, as "Organization".

Anfam, David. Abstract Expressionism. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1990, fig. 41, ill. in b/w, p. 59, as "Organization".

Spender, Matthew. "Origines et développement de l'oeuvre dessiné de Arshile Gorky / Quellen und Entwicklung von Arshile Gorkys zeichnerischem Werk." In Arshile Gorky: Œuvres sur Papier, 1929–1947 / Arbeiten auf Papier, 1929–1947, edited by Erika Billeter. Lausanne: Musée cantonal des Beaux-Arts, 1990. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 10, ill. in b/w, p. 26, as "Organization," dated c. 1936.

Lader, Melvin P. "Arshile Gorky: A Modern Artist in the Academic Tradition / Arshile Gorky: Un Artista Moderno Nella Tradizione Accademica." In Arshile Gorky: Works on Paper / Opere su Carta. Rome: Edizioni Carte Segrete, 1992. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 8, ill. in b/w, p. 25, as "Organization".

American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1992, ill. in b/w, p. 188, as "Organization".

Psychiatric Services: A Journal of the American Psychiatric Association (Washington, D.C.) (1997), ill., front cover.

Matossian, Nouritza. Black Angel: The Life of Arshile Gorky. London: Chatto & Windus, 1998, pl. 4, ill. in color, as "Organization".

Danto, Arthur. "Doodling Towards Armenia." Review of Black Angel: A Life of Arshile Gorky, by Nouritza Matossian. The Times Literary Supplement (London), January 22, 1999, ill. in b/w, p. 18, as "Organization".

Herrera, Hayden. Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003, fig. 16, ill. in color, as "Organization".

Weber, Bruce. "Toward a New American Cubism." In Toward a New American Cubism. New York: Berry-Hill Galleries Inc., 2006. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 32, ill. in b/w, p. 51, as "Organization".

FitzGerald, Michael. "Picasso and American Art: Chapter Three (1930–1939)." In Picasso and American Art. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, discussed pp. 143, 148–51, 160, 162, as "Organization".

Beredjiklian, Alexandre. Arshile Gorky: sept thèmes majeurs. Suresnes, France: Alphamédian & Johanet; Lisbon: Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, 2007. Monograph, discussed p. 35, as "Organisation," dated 1936–37.

Cooper, Harry. "Picasso and American Art (Whitney Museum of American Art, New York)." Artforum (New York) 45, no. 5 (January 2007), discussed p. 245, as "Organization".

Lindholm, Charles. Culture and Authenticity. Oxford: Wiley, John & Sons, Inc., 2008, ill. in color, cover.

Budick, Ariella. "Arshile Gorky, Philadelphia Museum of Art." The Financial Times (London), November 2, 2009 (accessed online), ill. in color, as "Organization".

Cooper, Harry. "To Organize Painting." In Arshile Gorky: A Retrospective, edited by Michael Taylor. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 40, ill. in color (detail), p. 64, as "Organization," Details ill. in color, figs. 42–43, p. 66; figs. 44–45, p. 67; fig. 47, p. 69; figs. 49–50, p. 70; fig. 51, p. 71.

Kolbe, Regina. "Dreams Form The Bristles Of The Artist's Brush: Arshile Gorky, The Last Great Surrealist." Antiques and The Arts Weekly (Newton, CT) (October 23, 2009), ill. in color, p. 68, as "Organization".

Matttison, Robert S. Arshile Gorky: Works and Writings. Barcelona: Ediciones Polígrafica, 2009. Monograph, ill. in color, p. 41, as "Organization".

Sozanski, Edward. "Art: Arshile Gorky: Art and Anguish." Philadelphia Inquirer, October 25 2009, ill. in color (online only), as "Organization".

Wallis, Jonathan. "Perspective: Arshile Gorky Retrospective at the Philadelphia Museum of Art." Critical Mass (blog for City Paper, Philadelphia), November 16, 2009, ill. in color, as "Organization".

Theriault, Kim S. Rethinking Arshile Gorky. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009. Monograph, pl. 10, ill. in color, as "Organization".

Chang, Richard. "Big Art Shows in L.A. and San Francisco." The Orange County Register (CA), July 7, 2010 (accessed online), ill. in color, as "Organization".

Gale, Matthew. Arshile Gorky: Enigma and Nostalgia. London: Tate Publishing, 2010. Exhibition catalogue (2009–10 Philadelphia), no. 16, ill. in color, p. 41, as "Organization".

Robbins, Christa Noel. "Harold Rosenberg on the Character of Action." Oxford Art Journal (U.K.) 35, no. 2 (2012), fig. 2, ill. in color, p. 207; discussed p. 208, as "Organization".

Rosenthal, Deborah. The Changing Concept of Reality in Art. Arcade Publishing, 2013, ill. in color, as "Organization".

Krauss, Rosalind E. Willem de Kooning Nonstop: Cherchez la femme. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015, fig. 31, ill. in color, p. 102, as "Organization".

Spender, Matthew, ed. Arshile Gorky: The Plow and the Song: A Life in Letters and Documents. Zurich: Hauser & Wirth Publishers, 2018, ill. in color, p. 138, as "Organization".

Patterson, Jody. Modernism for the Masses: Painters, Politics, and Public Murals in 1930s New York. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020, fig. 38, ill. in color, p. 99, as "Organization," dated c. 1933–36.

Balkan, Debra Bricker. Harold Rosenberg: A Critic's Life. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2021, discussed pp. 359–60, as "Organization".

Robbins, Christa Noel. Artist as Author: Action and Intent in Late-Modernist American Painting. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2021, fig. 1.1, ill. in b/w, p. 31; discussed pp. 30–32, as "Organization".

Agee, William C., and Pamela N. Koob. Max Weber and American Cubism. New York: Rizzoli Electa, 2023, ill. in color, p. 239; discussed pp. 238–39, as "Organization".